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       曹其嘉1 ,  穆   馳1 ,  陳   勇2 ,  韋    釗1

(1 .  陜西能源職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 煤炭與化工產(chǎn)業(yè)學(xué)院 ，咸陽(yáng) 712000;  2.  中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué) 礦業(yè)工程學(xué)院 ，徐州 221116)

摘   要 ：針對(duì)堅(jiān)硬頂板沿空留巷充填體易出現(xiàn)鼓包 、失穩(wěn)等問(wèn)題 ， 以凌志達(dá)煤礦 15209 工作面為工程背景， 采用數(shù)值模擬和充填體加固力學(xué)模型理論計(jì)算方法 ，分析留巷充填體穩(wěn)定性和變形特征 ，提出了爆破預(yù)裂堅(jiān)硬  頂板條件下充填體 “框架＋預(yù)應(yīng)力對(duì)拉錨桿 ” 復(fù)合加固結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果表明： 在堅(jiān)硬頂板回轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)載影響下 ，充填體  內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)貫穿充填體傾斜方向裂隙 ，存在剪切和拉伸兩種破壞形式 ，在采空區(qū)側(cè)頂部和留巷側(cè)底部出現(xiàn)明顯的  外鼓 ，完整性遭到破壞 ，極易發(fā)生失穩(wěn) ；加固構(gòu)件在充填體兩側(cè)施加預(yù)應(yīng)力 ，側(cè)向約束由自 由面狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭?/span>  力約束面狀態(tài) ，其剛度和強(qiáng)度提高 ，剪切和拉伸破壞塑性區(qū)范圍分別減小 76% 和43% ,  外側(cè)無(wú)鼓包 、內(nèi)部大裂  隙明顯減少 ，能夠充分利用充填體自身穩(wěn)性 ，減小充填體的滑動(dòng)和相對(duì)位移。工程實(shí)踐中 ，充填體橫向和縱向  變形量分別為 170 和 200 mm ,  保持較高的峰后強(qiáng)度 ，承載效果較好 ，可為相關(guān)工程提供參考。

關(guān)鍵詞：爆破預(yù)裂 ；堅(jiān)硬頂板 ；充填體 ；承載加固

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：TD353           文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A     

文章編號(hào)： 1005- 8249  (2025)  03- 0101- 06 

DOI:10. 19860/j.cnki.issn1005 - 8249.2025 .03 .019

CAO Qijia¹，Mu Chi¹，CHEN Yong²，Wei Zhao

（1.College of Coal and Chemical Industry , Shaanxi Energy Institute, Xianyang 712000, China; 2, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China）

Abstract：Aiming at the problems of bulge and instability of filling body in gob side entry retaining with hard roof, taking 15209 working face of lingzhida coal mine as the engineering background, the stability and deformation characteristics of filling body in gob side entry retaining were analyzed by using numerical simulation and theoretical calculation method of filling body reinforcement mechanical model, and the composite reinforcement structure of "frame and prestressed split bolt" of filling body under the condition of blasting and presplitting hard roof was proposed. The research results show that: under the influence of rotating dynamic load of hard roof, cracks penetrating the inclined direction of the filling body appear in the filling body, and there are two failure forms of shear and tension. Obvious bulge appears at the top of goaf side and the bottom of retained roadway side, and the integrity is damaged, which is very prone to instability; The reinforcement component applies prestress on both sides of the filling body, and the lateral constraint changes from the free surface state to the stress constraint surface state. Its stiffness and strength are improved, and the range of shear and tensile failure plastic zone is reduced by 76% and 43% respectively. There is no bulge on the outside and the internal large crack is significantly reduced, which can make full use of the stability of the filling body and reduce the sliding and relative displacement of the filling body. In engineering practice, the lateral and longitudinal deformation of the filling body are 170 mm and 200 mm respectively, maintaining high post peak strength and good bearing effect, which can provide reference for related projects..

Keywords: blasting presplitting; hard roof;backfill body; bearing reinforcement

基金項(xiàng)目： 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目資助  (52174135) ;  陜西省教育廳一般專項(xiàng)科研計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目資助  (23JK0378 ;  23JK0380) ;  陜 西省教育廳服務(wù)地方專項(xiàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)化培育項(xiàng)目資助  (23JC024) 。

作者簡(jiǎn)介： 曹其嘉  (1990—) ,  男 ，碩士 ，講師 ，研究方向：煤礦巷道圍巖控制。 收稿日期：2024 - 12 - 22